human rights violations.

The Democratic Republic of Congo’s rich mineral reserves have attracted major tech companies, leading to widespread exploitation and humanitarian crises. Artisanal miners, including children, work in hazardous conditions to extract cobalt and coltan, essential for products like smartphones and electric vehicles. Armed groups, such as the M23 rebels, control mining regions, funding conflicts through illegal taxation and smuggling operations. Companies like Apple and Tesla face scrutiny over sourcing minerals linked to human rights abuses, prompting discussions on corporate responsibility. Despite traceability initiatives, challenges persist due to systemic corruption. Addressing these issues necessitates consumer awareness, corporate diligence, support for advocacy groups, and robust policy enforcement to ensure ethical supply chains.